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Tweet	Teaching & Assessing 21st Century Skills By Robert J. Marzano and Tammy Heflebower As the 21st century unfolds, the pace of change in the world is accelerating while education in the United States remains stagnant or, at best, progresses in isolated pockets. Concern over the effects of an inadequate education system on the nation’s economy and innovative potential is growing, and it seems a crisis point is near—when the negative aspects of the education system will outweigh the benefits. The consequences of a poorly educated population would be dire, and in order to correct this trajectory, every level of the education system will have to undergo massive changes. Teachers and administrators must lead this cultural shift, which is perhaps as important and massive as the industrial revolution.
In Teaching and Assessing 21st Century Skills the authors present a model of instruction and assessment based on a combination of cognitive skills (skills students will need to succeed academically) and conative skills (skills students will need to succeed interpersonally) necessary for the 21st century. Specifically, this book addresses three cognitive skills (analyzing and utilizing information, addressing complex problems and issues, and creating patterns and mental models) and two conative skills (understanding and controlling oneself and understanding and interacting with others). The authors believe both cognitive and conative skills will be vital to the success of all citizens living and working in the highly varied and quickly changing knowledge economy of the 21st century. Part of The Classroom Strategies Series, this clear, highly practical guide follows the series format, first summarizing key research and then translating it into recommendations for classroom practice.
Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1: The Status of the 21st Century Chapter 2: Research and Theory Part I: Cognitive Skills Chapter 3: Analyzing and Utilizing Information Chapter 4: Addressing Complex Problems and Issues Chapter 5: Creating Problems and Mental Models Part II: Conative Skills Chapter 6: Understanding and Controlling Oneself Chapter 7: Understanding and Interacting With Others Chapter 8: Assessment Epilogue Appendix A: Answers to Comprehension Questions Appendix B: Scales for 21st Century Skills References and Resources Index
Reproducibles Chapter 3 Chapter 3: Comprehension Questions Online Only Figure 3.1: Student Guidelines for Successful Internet Searching Chapter 4 Chapter 4: Comprehension Questions Online Only Figure 4.2: Guidelines to Increase Student Attention Figure 4.3: Process for Enhancing Focus Chapter 5 Chapter 5: Comprehension Questions Chapter 6 Chapter 6: Comprehension Questions Online Only Figure 6.3: Growth Versus Fixed Mindset Intelligence Survey Figure 6.11: Survey on Test Anxiety Chapter 7 Chapter 7: Comprehension Questions Chapter 8 Chapter 8: Comprehension Questions Appendix A: Answers to Comprehension Questions Answers to Chapter 3: Comprehension Questions Answers to Chapter 4: Comprehension Questions Answers to Chapter 5: Comprehension Questions Answers to Chapter 6: Comprehension Questions Answers to Chapter 7: Comprehension Questions Answers to Chapter 8: Comprehension Questions Appendix B: Scales for 21st Century Skills Analyzing and Utilizing Information: Navigating Digital Sources Analyzing and Utilizing Information: Identifying Common Logical Errors Analyzing and Utilizing Information: Generating Conclusions Analyzing and Utilizing Information: Presenting and Supporting Claims Addressing Complex Problems and Issues: Focus Addressing Complex Problems and Issues: Divergent and Convergent Thinking Addressing Complex Problems and Issues: A Problem-Solving Protocol Creating Patterns and Mental Models: Identifying Basic Relationships Between Ideas Creating Patterns and Mental Models: Creating Graphic Representations Creating Patterns and Mental Models: Drawing and Sketching Creating Patterns and Mental Models: Generating Mental Images Creating Patterns and Mental Models: Conducting Thought Experiments Creating Patterns and Mental Models: Performing Mental Rehearsal Understanding and Controlling Oneself: Becoming Aware of the Power of Interpretations Understanding and Controlling Oneself: Cultivating Useful Ways of Thinking Understanding and Controlling Oneself: Avoiding Negative Ways of Thinking Understanding and Interacting With Others: Perspective Taking Understanding and Interacting With Others: Responsible Interaction Understanding and Interacting With Others: Controversy and Conflict Resolution Online-Only Appendices Appendix C: Additional Exercises for Analyzing and Utilizing Information Appendix D: Additional Information About Deductive Conclusions
Additional Resources Anamorphic illusions: www.designioustimes.com/design/pavement-drawings-creative-art.html Conflict Resolution Network: www.crnhq.org Creative Education Foundation: www.creativeeducationfoundation.org Destination ImagiNation: www.destinationimagination.org Documentary Educational Resources: www.der.org Horn Book: www.hbook.com/resources/books/asianpacific.asp International Center for Studies in Creativity: www.buffalostate.edu/creativity Morton Grove Public Library’s Webrary: www.webrary.org/kids/jbibasianamericans.html Odyssey of the Mind: www.odysseyofthemind.com Odyssey of the Mind classroom activities: www.odysseyofthemind.com/curriculum.php Optical illusions: www.optillusions.com Although they look curved, these lines are actually perfectly parallel. The sunburst pattern in the background makes them seem curved. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226914454614274 In this illusion, all of the diagonal lines are parallel, even though the vertical and horizontal lines make them look otherwise. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226880094875826 These horizontal lines are perfectly parallel, but the offset black and white blocks make them seem to curve. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029227004648927650 The ring in the center is a perfect circle, but the lines behind it make it seem pear shaped. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029227056188535234 This square has straight sides, but the rings in the background make it look as if the sides are bent in. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226910159646962 These lines are perfectly parallel, but the image behind them makes it look like they bend away from each other at the ends. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029227223692259970 These horizontal lines are the same length, but the diagonal lines make it seem as if the top one is longer. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226965994221890 The center circles of each flower are exactly the same size. The size of the surrounding circles makes you think that the circle at the center of the small flower is bigger than the one at the center of the large flower. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226961699254578 Although the soldiers are exactly the same size, the one on the left looks shorter and the one on the right looks taller because of the background against which they are shown. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226781310627858 Here you will either see three white lines, or a three dimensional letter E. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226892979777746 Here you will either see two faces or a white vase. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226944519385362 This is either a seal with its tail in the air or a horse’s head. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029227086253306386 This is either a young woman looking away from you or an old woman resting her chin on her chest (the young woman’s chin becomes the old woman’s nose). http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029227090548273698 This can be either a duck or a bunny. The duck’s bill becomes the bunny’s ears. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029227150677815858 This is either a Native American head in profile or an Eskimo peering into a dark cave. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226789900562466 There are actually three pictures here. A young girl with shoulder-length hair is looking away from the viewer, an old woman with a sad smile is looking down and to the left, and a man with a moustache is looking to the right (the girl’s chin becomes the old woman’s nose, and the girl’s hair becomes the mustached man’s nose). http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226983174091122 In this picture, which looks like a collection of random dots, there is Dalmatian dog sniffing the ground. He is facing to the left and has his head down. http://picasaweb.google.com/rjc.uk.web/OpticalIllusions#5029226991764025730 School Mediation Associates: www.schoolmediation.com Seattle Public Library: www.spl.org/default.asp?pageID=audience_teens_bmm_readinglist&cid=118235534833 Suggested Resources Ad Council: www.adcouncil.tv Clones-R-Us: www.d-b.net/dti Dog Island: www.thedogisland.com Dihydrogen Monoxide FAQ: www.dhmo.org/facts.html Phil Bradley’s website (list of fake websites): www.philb.com/fakesites.htm SurLaLune Fairy Tales: www.surlalunefairytales.com Thinking Maps: www.thinkingmaps.com World Trade Organization: www.gatt.org

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